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SCIENCE & MEDICINE

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Neural Nets
 
Medicine
 
Forensic Science Links
 
 
 
 
 
 

Harrys Black Hole

General

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Harrys Black HoleYahoo: Science
Harrys Black HoleAustralian Antarctic Division
Harrys Black HoleAustralian Geographical Survey Organisation
Harrys Black HoleCSIRO Australia's WWW Server
Harrys Black HoleCSIRO Marine Laboratories
Harrys Black HoleHearne Scientific Software
Harrys Black HoleThe Nine Planets
Harrys Black HoleLuna Moon Map
Harrys Black HoleMuseum of Paleontology - Not just for Jurassic Park fans.
Harrys Black HoleNASA Homepage
Harrys Black HoleNational Institute of Standards
Harrys Black HoleSky & Telescope - Sky & Telescope, CCD Astronomy, and the Sky Publishing Catalog
Harrys Black HoleSleep Disorders Guide comprehensive information guide about sleep disorders. Descriptions, symptoms, causes, treatments of various sleep disorders like sleep apnea, insomnia, snoring, restless legs and narcolepsy.
Harrys Black HoleStar Worlds - Large database of astronomy, space and related organisations
Harrys Black HoleStar Bits - Dictionary of astronomy and science terms
Harrys Black HoleUS Naval Observatory - Official source of time in the United States

Neural Nets

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Harrys Black HoleWelcome to CUI

Medicine

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Harrys Black HoleAIDS
Harrys Black HoleSleep Medicine
Harrys Black HoleThe Infamous AMA

Forensic Science Links

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Harrys Black HoleThe Forensic Web
Harrys Black HoleNew Mexico Office of Medical Investigation, UNM School of Medicine

AN IMPORTANT NOTE TO THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE:

I found the following article on the Net and have included it in my home page for one main reason; that is , for the content of its information. It is very important to remember that most 'illegal' drugs are made in 'back yard' facilities with absolutely no control over quality.

 

A Drug Reference

Harrys Black Hole

Hallucinogens (tryptamines):

Psilocybin: This is the psychoactive ingredient in mushrooms. It bonds to serotonin neuroreceptors, which is a neurotransmitter used for many higher cognitive functions. The exact transfer function is not known (that is, the bridge between chemicals interacting and conscious thought), but these tend to create the feeling of warmth, euphoria, and at sizeable doses, a real feeling of "other worldness". Under uncomfortable circumstances, paranoia and even panic can result, but these conditions seem less likely to occur than with LSD.Often compared to LSD in terms of the experience it provides. Duration: 6 hours. On set: 30 minutes. Street cost/dose: very variable on location. In Southern California about $40/quarter ounce, with a quarter ounce excellent for three people.

lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD): This tryptamine is also believed to bond to serotonin receptors (it is structurally very similar to serotonin), and like other serotonergic bonders, is physically benign. Objectively, the high is very similar to shrooms, except introspection is even more thorough and ideas seem clearly defined and abstract, whereas shrooms generate more of an "atmosphere". I must emphasize that this account is of course subjective, and people could disagree with me on this. But I regress. Due to this ability of LSD to cut through normal boundaries of perception, it can cause bad trips for people who are completely unprepared for what they will experience. Thus, it is important to maintain an atmosphere with "positive energy": good music, soft lighting, tasty juices, etc. Duration: 10 hours (+/- 2 hours) On set: very slow, first effects in about 45 minutes. Street cost: $4/tab, Although sheets (100 tabs) are generally purchased for about $100. Depending on the strength, a first time user should use either one, 1.5, or two tabs (on the order of 100 micrograms).

dimethyl tryptamine (DMT): This is a fairly rare hallucinogen that is considered to be by far the strongest hallucinogen in the world. It is smoked, and the high lasts about fifteen minutes. The intensity is supposedly unbelievable, and many people consider the experience to be one of religious contact. It is present in a South American vine, and was the basis for many native religions there. Shouldn't be used by anyone without a good amount of experience with LSD and mushrooms, as the experience can be frightening in its intensity. Described by many as seeing the universe unzipped. Duration: peak-5 minutes, start to end-45 minutes.On set: 20 seconds. Street cost: unavailable on the street (generally). Usually extracted.

tetrahydrocanibol (THC): This is marijuana's primary active ingredient, although there are as many as forty psychoactive substances that occur naturally in marijuana, which explains why many different types of pot give different highs--it is not just dependent on dosage (i.e. smoking four times more "cheap" pot will not necessarily give the same high as smoking "kind buds" that may seem four times stronger...)It is a fat soluble molecule that has depressive (relaxing) effects. Especially useful for synergy with more powerful drugs, as it increases visual hallucinations as well as relaxing the body and mind. Very easy to detect in drug tests for a couple weeks (traces remain for 30 days), one should be aware of this effect. The main harmful effect is the inhalation of the smoke, which like tabacco, damages the lungs. Also, short term memory can be effected after repeated pot smoking.

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Phenethylamines

(includes all amphetamines and derivatives):

Psychedelics:

There are an infinite number of these. Most of the existing ones were invented, synthesized, and tried by Dr. Alexander Shulgin, a chemical psychologist at UC Berkeley. He has written a book called PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved: A Chemical Love Story). This is the ultimate source on this class of drugs, I will detail a few of his favorites, which also turn out to be the more popular ones.

Methylinedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy): Unlike other hallucinogens, MDMA is quite specific in its results. In other words, on LSD, anything can happen from bliss to a complete nightmare. On MDMA, the most common experience is that of incredible bliss and self-opening. MDMA does have some side effects. MDMA causes your brain to secrete large amounts of serotonin, which is what makes you feel on top of the world, and also causes you to be able to think very clearly, since serotonin is used for thinking and for higher cognitive functions. However, much like running a marathon, the day afterwards, you won't feel especially mentally acute, as you will be low on serotonin, just as after the marathon, you wouldn't be especially eager to run a few miles as your fuel would be exhausted. It is still undetermined whether MDMA use permanently reduces serotonin levels. In the meantime, it is best to use this drug with caution, only infrequently and never more than 200mg at a time. It seems that using 125mg once a month doesn't permanently reduce serotonin. See references for more info. Duration: total 4 or 5 hours, peak 2 hours. On set: 30 minutes. Cost/Dosage: Depending on body weight, one should take between 90 and 150 milligrams. A usual capsule would contain 125 mg, which is a good dose. Universal price is $20.

methlyinedioxyamphetamine (MDA): Not made very often since MDMA was invented, as MDMA is smoother and has less side effects, and the high is more euphoric. Still, a lot of 60's gurus claim that MDA is better.

2C-B (also known as Nexxus, Illusion, or Bromo-Mescaline): This drug is another of the "psychedelic amphetamines" and is one of the only one's besides MDMA that can be obtained on the street (although this one is still awfully difficult to find). It causes very subtle mental effects (which is weird in itself), and is a lot like just having some caffeine, mentally. However, tactile sensations are extremely exagerated, resulting in hypersensitive reactions to stimuli. Also, visual hallucinations are very rich. The weird part is that you are seeing and feeling all this weird stuff, yet are thinking very rationally. Quite useful for synergy, and is widely praised as being excellent for taking about 2 or 3 hours after taking MDMA. Dosage: 20 mg orally, or 15mg nasally (which burns like hell). Cost: $10. Onset and peak time similar to MDMA.

Mescaline: The active ingredient in peyote and San Pedro cactus, and used by many native american tribes in religious rituals. Generally causes vomiting after eating, but then results in a long psychedelic experience. Several tribes of Central American Indians used to make month long journeys anually to the deserts of Northern Mexico in order to gather peyote cactus, so one can only assume that it must be pretty cool stuff. A typical dose of mescaline is somewhere around 300 mg, although larger doses are frequently taken by native americans, who also use peyote as medicine for many different types of ailments. Generally hard to find on the street.

Non-psychedelics:

amphetamine (speed): This drug is good for doing work, losing weight, and for an a few hour increase in energy. Basically similar to caffeine, except stronger and it lasts much longer (up to 12 hours). While on it, you are energetic, without an appetite, and without any desire for sleep. Hence, it is prescribed to people with severe weight problems. Its problem is that it, like most dopemine agonists, tends to be addictive. People generally find concentration to be easier on amphetamines as it causes a seeming increase in dopamine, a neurotransmitter used for concentration and focus, amongst other functions. The problem arises when down from the drug, as concentration then becomes exceedingly difficult, but more of the drug (which is fairly cheap) will fix that temporary problem. It creates a "positive feedback" loop, in which use of the drug in the short term actually increases productivity, but in the long term creates dependence, tolerance, and harmful side effects. Cost: $5/dose. Duration: about 8 hours.

methamphetamine (crystal meth, crank): This is a lot like speed, but is more frequently smoked than speed. Doesn't last as long, but is smoother and a little more intense. Even more addictive. The way it works is almost exactly the same. Duration: 6 hours.Onset: immediate if snorted or smoked.Cost: $20 for 10 doses or so.

methcathinone (khat, cat): This is another amphetamine that has only recently gained popularity in the United States, particularly in the Midwest (MN, WI, MI, IL). It is really easy to make from ephedrine, but is not commonly available in CA yet. It is taken in similar dosages to methamphetamine, and the objective effects seem similar, although khat seems to produce more feelings of euphoria and more of a mind-altering high. Cathinone (very similar) is the most popular stimulant in many East African countries, where it is produced by trees of the region and is used as often as caffeine here. This drug seems to be quite addictive...

ephedrine: This is methamphetamine with an extra oxygen group, which makes it harder for our digestive track to break down, and hence is ingested rather than snorted (although some enthusiasts/wackos still snort the stuff). It is the oral form of adrenaline, and affects the entire body rather than just the dopamine system. Hence, it is generally not as useful for studying, as it gives more of an "adrenaline rush" than increasing concentration. Also, since it doesn't effect the dopamine systems as strongly, it is much less addictive. It is a very effective bronchial dialator, and helps asthma or congestion. Also commonly used by truckers to stay up and deliver their goods. Duration: 5-7 hours.

There are loads more, I have just reviewed some of the biggies.

Harrys Black Hole

Opiates:

In general, these drugs all do the same thing, which is make you feel a bit detatched from reality and also relieve pain. They affect the endorphin system, which is naturally stimulated during exercise and other activities that require natural painkillers in your body. They all tend to be addictive. The addictive quality tends to be directly proportionate to the intensity of the high.

Heroin: this is the fastest acting and most intense, and surprise, surprise, the most addictive as well. Basically, the brain becomes very insensitive to endorphins after repeated use (takes a while), so heroin is required just to feel normal (rather than depressed as hell). A nontrivial danger is overdose, as sometimes addicts will lose their tolerance suddenly (a bunch of endorphins are produced), and then a normal dose will become a severe (and often fatal) overdose. Overall, the high is very sedating. Traditionally injected, however lately purity is often high enough that it is smoked or snorted.

Morphine: also quite powerful, used for a while as pain killer, but too many doctors became addicted.

percodan/percocet: Active ingredient is oxycodone, with percocet containing acetaminophen and percodan containing aspirin as well. It's a schedule 2 narcotic (prescribable, but more restricted) which is taken orally and produces a pleasant high. Consider asking for it when you get your wisdom teeth pulled. Not as intense, not as addictive.

codeine: A schedule 3 or 4 (I'm not sure) that is more of a pain killer than anything else.

Cocaine: Generally taken in two forms, crack (freebase) or powder. Crack is the most intense and the shortest, and by now, you should be able to guess that it is also the most addictive. It is so intense that it is not even useful for productivity, only good for getting high. Cocaine on the other hand, while it can be still used just for the sake of the drug (and many do), is more commonly used to increase awareness and acuteness. Hence, one can be very productive on cocaine, which is why many a doctor and lawyer have become closet addicts. Thus crack and cocaine produce their addictive behavior in different ways. Crack creates a fast and intense peak and then a horrible crash, which makes the user want more to 1) feel great again and 2) to get out of this terrible crash. Cocaine is sort of like this, but the magnitude is much lower. Also, the positive feedback loop is started again, which like with speed, encourages the user to continue as the benefits seem to outweigh the costs. Both affect the synthesis of dopamine, which creates a dependence which is deemed psychological, but I tend to think that anything that alters the chemistry of your brain and produces a craving by doing so is physically addictive. Overdose (particularly on crack) is a danger.

Harrys Black Hole

Other Drugs:

Nitrous Oxide (N2O, laughing gas, nitrous): This is an inhalant which is used by many dentists as a general anesthetic. It produces a very fast high (onset in 5 seconds, duration about 30 seconds) and come-down. Often done repeatedly for increased effects. Contrary to popular belief, nitrous does not kill brain cells or damage the human body in any confirmed way. Any damage caused by doing nitrous is caused by the lack of oxygen, not by the nitrous itself. In other words, doing nitrous is not any worse for you than holding your breath. Do you think the AMA approved it for use by dentists without doing some research? Because of the nature of the high, (quick rush and come-down), it is often referred to as "hippy crack". Very useful in combining with other drugs.

Harrys Black Hole

A word or two on combining drugs (synergies):

Some common combinations:

"candyflipping": refers to generally a small LSD dose (about 1/2 tab) and a full MDMA dose. Extends and intensifies MDMA experience, with a little mind-trip at the end. A particular recommendation is to smoke about three hits of high quality marijuana after coming down some on the MDMA.

Stimulants (all varieties-including coke) and alcohol: not too dangerous. Allows increased consumption of alcohol without feeling as drowsy. Beware of increased hangovers.

Pot: Deserves its own category. Dampens effects of most amphetamines (including MDMA), which often is desirable near the end of the experience when jaw clenching and queesiness may occur. However, it seems to increase the effects of most hallucinogens, particularly if taken slightly after the peak has been reached. Generally can make you feel tired, so probably not the best idea to smoke a lot in less you don't mind going to sleep soon...

Nitrous: This stuff will intensify any drug. Highly recommended as a synergist. Particularly incredibly with LSD, MDMA, and various other combos. Valium, percocet, three beers, pot, and a few nitrous balloons will put you in a nice, fluffy place where time doesn't seem to exist.

Harrys Black Hole

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